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计算机英语(第二版)

书      号:9787113130992

丛  书 名:21世纪高等院校计算机专业规划教材

作      者:邱仲潘 朱云贞 等

译      者:

开      本:16开

装      帧:平装

正文语种:

出  版 社:中国铁道出版社有限公司

定      价:32

  • 内容简介

    本书共分为20章,每章由正文、关键词和课外阅读等部分组成,此外,每章还提供了参考译文。章节安排既成体系又相互独立,涉及到了硬件、软件、系统、网络、应用程序等计算机相关知识。
  • 前言

    本书自第一版出版以来,已经有五年时间。五年来,在不断的教学实践过程中,我们感觉到本书一些地方需要改进;同时也从广大教师和学生的反映中发现了一些需要处理的共性问题。为此,经过与出版社编辑多次商议,进行了这次改版。本书共分为20章,每章由正文、关键词、练习和课外阅读等部分组成;此外,每章还提供了参考译文。章节安排既成体系又相互独立,涉及硬件、软件、系统、网络、应用程序等计算机相关知识。本书强调阅读理解,注重专业术语和科技英语的基础语法。对一些难句进行了深入的解析,其中相关知识包括翻译技巧以及技术和语言方面的知识。本书可作为高等院校“计算机英语”课程的教材或教学参考书,也可供有一定英语基础的广大计算机用户学习计算机英语时使用。
    计算机技术的发展,最初是从英语国家开始的,英语是计算机的“母语”。从事计算机行业的人,难免会遇到大量英文资料需要阅读,要发表高水平的专业论文也会用到英语。因此,学好专业英语对计算机专业的学生非常重要。即使不是计算机专业的学生,也很难离开计算机,很难不和它的“母语”打交道,因为我们处在信息时代,而计算机是信息时代的“图标”。
    本书是针对计算机专业本科三年级学生编写的。计算机专业学生的基本要求是读懂外方的软件需求文档和在编程中根据要求插入简单的注释文本,因此,在本书编写过程中,我们一直认为应该强调阅读理解,强调简单文本写作,强调专业术语与科技英语基础语法。同时,为了提高效率和便于工作中的资料积累与交流,应该介绍一些翻译技巧,使学生能够把看懂的内容用比较准确和流畅的中文表达出来,能够把软件设计与实现中的思路翻译成简单的英文。为此,我们挑选一些难句,在给出准确的翻译的同时选择学生常见的翻译错误进行剖析,增加学生的理解深度。课文后面还用英语提供关键术语的解释,使有兴趣的学生可以了解到许多相关专业知识和有趣的词源知识。相关知识包括翻译技巧以及技术方面和语言方面的知识,非常实用。文章后面还有参考读物,难度略大于课文。建议老师在保证让学生掌握课文内容的前提下,根据学生接受情况和兴趣决定教学内容的深浅。俗话说,兴趣是最好的老师,本教材努力通过各种背景知识和词源知识增加趣味性,老师还可以通过调动学生积极参与课堂教学活动激发学生的学习兴趣,除此之外,也可以鼓励学生自己从网络和其他地方寻找相关资料,扩大视野,并且把学到的专业英语知识应用到其他专业课程的学习中,学以致用,切实体会计算机英语的作用,变“要我学”为“我要学”。对于非计算机专业的学生,本书选择的内容也是值得一看的,因为通过这些文章的学习,不仅可以无语言障碍地和这个信息时代的“图标”打交道,而且可以了解计算机世界许多有趣的故事。
    本书1~7章由邱仲潘编写,作者翻译了大量计算机科学图书,积累了许多素材,辅助材料大部分是由邱仲潘提供的;朱云贞同志负责8~12章内容和全书练习的编写;宋智军同志负责13~17章内容的编写;王帅同志负责18~20章内容的编写。在本书写作过程中,刘文红、邹文、邓欣欣、王润涛、周丹丹、朱敏、张朋丽、刘文琼、张艺永等同志也投入了大量精力,在此深表感谢。由于时间仓促,书中难免存在错误和缺漏之处,期待各位老师和同学不吝赐教,以便今后修订时改正和增补。


    编 者
    2011年6月




  • 目录

    Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 2
    1.1 What is a computer 2
    1.2 The Five Generations of Computers 3
    1.2.1 First Generation Computers (1940—1956) 4
    1.2.2 Second Generation Computers(1956—1963) 4
    1.2.3 Third Generation Computers (1964—1971) 4
    1.2.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1971—Present) 4
    1.2.5 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond) 5
    Keywords 5
    Exercise 6
    Additional Reading 7
    Text Translation 9
    Part 2 Hardwares
    Chapter 2 Storage Devices 14
    2.1 Introduction to Storage 14
    2.2 Storage Devices Types 14
    2.2.1 Hard Disks 15
    2.2.2 Floppy Disks 15
    2.2.3 How Hard and Floppy Disks Work 15
    2.2.4 Compact Disks 16
    2.2.5 Uses of Floppy Disks 16
    2.2.6 Uses of Compact Disks 16
    2.3 How Computer Memory Works 17
    2.3.1 RAM 17
    2.3.2 ROM 18
    2.3.3 Cache 19
    2.3.4 Flash Memory 20
    Keywords 20
    Exercise 21
    Additional Reading 22
    Text Translation 22


    Chapter 3 Microprocessors 27
    3.1 Microprocessor History 27
    3.2 Microprocessor Progression 28
    3.3 Inside Microprocessor 29
    3.4 Microprocessor Instructions 31
    3.5 Decoding Microprocessor Instructions 34
    3.6 Microprocessor Performance 34
    3.7 Microprocessor Trends 34
    3.8 64-bit Processors 35
    Keywords 35
    Exercise 37
    Additional Reading 37
    Text Translation 39
    Chapter 4 Input Devices 47
    4.1 Computer Mouse 47
    4.1.1 Evolution 47
    4.1.2 The Optical Mouse 48
    4.2 Keyboard 49
    4.2.1 Evolution 49
    4.2.2 Keyboard Type 51
    Keywords 52
    Exercise 53
    Additional Reading 53
    Text Translation 55
    Chapter 5 Output Devices 59
    5.1 The Basics 59
    5.2 Display Technology Background 59
    5.3 Display Technology: VGA 60
    5.4 Display Technology: DVI 60
    5.5 Viewable Area 61
    5.6 Maximum Resolution and Dot Pitch 61
    5.7 Refresh Rate 62
    5.8 Color Depth 63
    5.9 Power Consumption 63
    5.10 Monitor Trends: Flat Panels 64
    Keywords 64
    Exercise 65
    Additional Reading 65
    Text Translation 70
    Part 3 Softwares
    Chapter 6 Application Software 76
    6.1 What is Application Software 76
    6.2 Programming Languages 76
    6.2.1 Assemblers 76
    6.2.2 Compilers and Interpreters 77
    6.2.3 Nonprocedural Languages 77
    6.3 Libraries 78
    6.4 The Program Development Process 78
    6.4.1 Problem Definition 79
    6.4.2 Planning 79
    6.4.3 Writing the Program 79
    6.4.4 Debug and Documentation 80
    6.4.5 Maintenance 80
    6.5 Writing your Own Programs 80
    Keywords 80
    Exercise 81
    Additional Reading 81
    Text Translation 84
    Chapter 7 Compiler 88
    7.1 Introduction to Compiler 88
    7.2 Introduction and History 88
    7.3 Types of Compilers 89
    7.4 Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages 90
    7.5 Compiler Design 90
    7.6 Compiler Front End 91
    7.7 Compiler Back End 91
    7.8 Notes 91
    7.9 References 92
    Keywords 92
    Exercise 93
    Additional Reading 93
    Text Translation 99
    Chapter 8 How Java Works 103
    8.1 A Little Terminology 103
    8.2 Downloading the Java Compiler 104
    8.3 Your First Program 105
    8.4 Understanding What Just Happened 107
    Keywords 109
    Exercise 110
    Additional Reading 110
    Text Translation 115
    Chapter 9 Positioning Visual C++ in the Desktop Database Market 121
    9.1 Introduction 121
    9.2 Note 121
    9.3 Choosing Visual C++ as Your Database Development Platform 122
    Keywords 124
    Exercise 124
    Additional Reading 125
    Text Translation 132
    Part 4 Database
    Chapter 10 Introduction to Database 136
    10.1 Architecture 136
    10.2 Database Management Systems 136
    10.2.1 RDBMS Components 136
    10.2.2 ODBMS Components 137
    10.3 Models 137
    10.3.1 Post-relational Database Models 137
    10.3.2 Object Database Models 137
    10.4 Storage Structures 138
    10.5 Indexing 139
    10.6 Transactions 139
    10.6.1 The ACID Rules 139
    10.6.2 Concurrency Control and Locking 140
    10.7 Replication 141
    10.8 Security 141
    Keywords 141
    Exercise 142
    Additional Reading 142
    Text Translation 146
    Chapter 11 Databases 151
    11.1 Operational Database 151
    11.2 Data Warehouse 151
    11.3 Analytical Database 152
    11.4 Distributed Database 153
    11.4.1 Homogenous Distributed Database Systems 153
    11.4.2 Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems 154
    11.4.3 Client/Server Database Architecture 154
    11.5 End-user Database 155
    11.6 External Database 155
    11.7 Hypermedia Databases 155
    Keywords 155
    Exercise 156
    Additional Reading 156
    Text Translation 160
    Part 5 Network and Security
    Chapter 12 Internet Infrastructure 166
    12.1 A Network Example 167
    12.2 Bridging the Divide 167
    12.3 Backbones 167
    12.4 Internet Protocol: IP Addresses & Domain Name System 168
    12.5 Uniform Resource Locators 169
    12.6 Clients ,Servers and Ports 169
    Keywords 170
    Exercise 171
    Additional Reading 172
    Text Translation 174
    Chapter 13 How DSL Works 178
    13.1 Telephone Lines 178
    13.2 Asymmetrical DSL 179
    13.3 Distance Limitations 179
    13.4 Splitting the Signal: CAP 180
    13.5 Splitting the Signal: DMT 180
    13.6 DSL Equipment 181
    13.7 DSL Equipment: Transceiver 182
    13.8 DSL Equipment: DSLAM 182
    Keywords 182
    Exercise 183
    Additional Reading 183
    Text Translation 186
    Chapter 14 How Internet Search Engines Work 190
    14.1 Looking at the Web 190
    14.1.1 An Itsy-Bitsy Beginning 190
    14.1.2 Meta Tags 192
    14.2 Building the Index 192
    14.3 Building a Search 194
    14.4 Future Search 194
    Keywords 195
    Exercise 195
    Additional Reading 196
    Text Translation 200
    Chapter 15 Encryption 205
    15.1 In the Key of... 205
    15.1.1 Symmetric Key 205
    15.1.2 Public Key 206
    15.2 Hash This 207
    15.3 Are You Authentic 207
    Keywords 209
    Exercise 209
    Additional Reading 210
    Text Translation 218
    Chapter 16 Taking a Closer Look at the DCE 222
    16.1 Common Threads 222
    16.2 Remote Calls 223
    16.3 Directory Services 223
    16.4 Distributed Security Service 224
    16.5 Distributed File System 224
    16.6 Distributed Time Service 225
    16.7 Extending and Using the DCE 225
    Keywords 225
    Exercise 226
    Additional Reading 226
    Text Translation 235
    Part 6 Applications
    Chapter 17 Artificial Intelligence 240
    17.1 Overview 240
    17.2 Strong AI and Weak AI 240
    17.2.1 Strong Artificial Intelligence 240
    17.2.2 Weak Artificial Intelligence 241
    17.2.3 Philosophical Criticism and Support of Strong AI 241
    17.3 History 242
    17.3.1 Development of AI Theory 242
    17.3.2 Experimental AI Research 243
    17.4 Practical Applications of AI Techniques 244
    Keywords 245
    Exercise 246
    Additional Reading 246
    Text Translation 250
    Chapter 18 Neural Network 255
    18.1 Structure 255
    18.1.1 Models 256
    18.1.2 Calculations 256
    18.2 Advantages 256
    18.3 Applications 257
    18.3.1 Usefulness 257
    18.3.2 Real Life Applications 257
    18.4 Types of Neural Networks 257
    18.4.1 Single-layer Perceptron 257
    18.4.2 Multi-layer Perceptron 258
    18.4.3 Recurrent Network 260
    18.4.4 Hopfield Network 260
    18.4.5 Boltzmann Machine 260
    18.4.6 Committee of Machines 260
    18.4.7 Instantaneously Trained Networks 261
    18.4.8 Spiking Neural Networks 261
    18.5 Relation to Optimization Techniques 261
    Keywords 261
    Exercise 262
    Additional Reading 262
    Text Translation 269
    Chapter 19 Shockwave 3-D Technology 275
    19.1 Uses of Shockwave Technology 276
    19.2 Making 3-D Content Accessible 277
    19.3 Developing New 3-D Content 279
    Keywords 279
    Exercise 280
    Additional Reading 280
    Text Translation 286
    Chapter 20 How PlayStation Works 289
    20.1 History 289
    20.2 Console 290
    20.3 Controller 291
    20.4 Games 293
    Keywords 294
    Exercise 294
    Additional Reading 295
    Text Translation 303
    References 306


  • 作者介绍

    主要著译者顺序姓名学历职称学科专长通讯地址1邱仲潘 硕士副教授 计算机图书翻译、计算机应用技术、人工智能技术 工作单位 厦门大学邮政编码 361012 电话13906048343 2 工作单位 邮政编码 电话 3 工作单位 邮政编码 电话 审校者(主审者) 学历 工作单位 邮政编码 电话 职称 工作单位 邮政编码 电话
  • 编辑推荐

    本书强调阅读理解,注重专业术语和基本科技英语的语法。对一些难句进行了深入的解析,其中相关知识包括翻译技巧以及技术和语言方面的知识。
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