本书主要从光伏发电系统规划岗位出发，涉及光伏电站选址勘察、光伏电站容量设计、
储能技术、离网光伏发电系统关键器件选型、并网光伏发电系统关键器件选型、屋顶分布式
光伏系统关键器件造型、防雷与接地设计、光伏电站监控系统设计、光伏发电系统经济性分
析等知识。

本书主要从光伏发电系统规划岗位出发，涉及光伏电站选址勘察、光伏电站容量设计、
储能技术、离网光伏发电系统关键器件选型、并网光伏发电系统关键器件选型、屋顶分布式
光伏系统关键器件造型、防雷与接地设计、光伏电站监控系统设计、光伏发电系统经济性分
析等知识。
本书可作为高等职业院校新能源相关专业的教材，也可供从事新能源发电研究与工程应
用的工程人员参考。

第1章 光伏电站选址勘察 ......................................................................... 1
1.1 光伏电站站址选择 ................................................................................1
1.1.1 地面光伏电站土地使用要求 .................................................................2
1.1.2 屋顶分布式光伏电站选址 .....................................................................4
1.2 气象资源 ..............................................................................................8
1.2.1 太阳能资源 .............................................................................................8
1.2.2 大气质量 ...............................................................................................10
1.2.3 其他气象因素 .......................................................................................11
1.3 地质与输送条件勘察 ..........................................................................12
1.3.1 地理和地质 ...........................................................................................12
1.3.2 水文条件 ...............................................................................................13
1.3.3 交通运输条件和电力输送 ...................................................................14
习题 ............................................................................................................15
第2章 光伏电站容量设计 ....................................................................... 16
2.1 离网光伏发电系统容量设计 ...............................................................16
2.1.1 离网光伏发电系统结构 .......................................................................16
2.1.2 离网光伏发电系统容量设计 ...............................................................19
2.2 并网光伏发电系统容量设计 ...............................................................22
2.2.1 并网光伏发电系统结构 .......................................................................22
2.2.2 地面并网光伏发电系统容量基本设计 ...............................................23
习题 ............................................................................................................25
第3章 储能技术 ..................................................................................... 27
3.1 储能概述 ............................................................................................27
3.2 储能蓄电池 ........................................................................................28
3.2.1 铅酸蓄电池结构 ...................................................................................29
3.2.2 铅酸蓄电池参数及容量识别 ...............................................................31
3.3 蓄电池组容量设计 ..............................................................................34
3.3.1 蓄电池种类选择 ...................................................................................34
3.3.2 蓄电池容量设计方法 ...........................................................................36
3.4 超级电容容量设计 ..............................................................................38
3.4.1 超级电容器认识 ...................................................................................38
3.4.2 超级电容器容量设计 ...........................................................................40
3.5 其他储能技术 .....................................................................................41
3.5.1 飞轮储能 ...............................................................................................41
3.5.2 超导储能 ...............................................................................................43
3.5.3 蓄水储能 ...............................................................................................46
3.5.4 锂电池储能 ...........................................................................................47
习题 ............................................................................................................48
离网光伏系统关键器件选型 ........................................................ 50
4.1 离网系统电池组件选型与配置 ............................................................50
4.1.1 电池组件特性 .......................................................................................50
4.1.2 电池热斑效应及电池组件的串、并联组合 .......................................52
4.1.3 太阳能电池板倾斜角设置 ...................................................................53
4.1.4 电池组件选型与配置 ...........................................................................55
4.2 离网系统蓄电池选型与配置 ...............................................................57
4.3 光伏控制器选配 .................................................................................60
4.3.1 光伏控制器认识 ...................................................................................61
4.3.2 光伏控制器分类及控制原理 ...............................................................63
4.3.3 光伏控制器选配方法 ...........................................................................70
4.4 离网逆变器选配 .................................................................................74
4.4.1 离网逆变器（简称逆变器）工作原理及认识 ...................................74
4.4.2 离网逆变器技术参数及选配方法 .......................................................79
4.5 离网光伏发电系统选配 ......................................................................81
习题 ............................................................................................................83
集中并网光伏系统关键器件选型 ................................................. 84
5.1 集中并网光伏发电系统 ......................................................................84
5.2 光伏阵列设计 .....................................................................................85
5.2.1　电池方阵选配 .......................................................................................85
5.2.2　电池方阵布局 .......................................................................................88
5.2.3　光伏方阵支架结构设计 .......................................................................90
5.2.4 光伏自动跟踪技术选择 .......................................................................92
5.3 直流汇流箱配置 .................................................................................93
5.3.1　直流汇流箱工作原理 ...........................................................................94
5.3.2　直流汇流箱选配 ...................................................................................96
5.4 直流防雷配电柜及直流配电设计 ........................................................98
5.5 并网逆变器的选配 ............................................................................100
5.5.1　并网逆变器结构及特性 .....................................................................100
5.5.2　组串式并网逆变器 .............................................................................104
5.5.3　并网逆变器选配 .................................................................................106
5.6 交流配电柜选配 ...............................................................................110
5.6.1　交流配电柜认识 .................................................................................110
5.6.2　交流配电柜技术要求及选配 .............................................................112
5.7 升压变压器选配 ...............................................................................114
5.8 光伏电站线缆选配 ............................................................................117
5.8.1　光伏电缆选配因素 .............................................................................117
5.8.2　光伏电缆选配 .....................................................................................118
习题 ..........................................................................................................122
第6章 屋顶分布式光伏系统关键器件选型 ........................................... 123
6.1 屋顶光伏发电系统认识 ....................................................................123
6.2 BIPV电池方阵设计 ...........................................................................125
6.3 BIPV关键部件规划与选型 ................................................................127
6.3.1　BIPV电气安全设计............................................................................127
6.3.2　BIPV结构安全设计............................................................................127
6.3.3　BIPV系统部件选择............................................................................129
6.3.4　BIPV配电及电网接入........................................................................131
习题 ..........................................................................................................133
第7章 防雷与接地设计 ........................................................................ 134
7.1 雷电对光伏系统危害 ........................................................................134
7.2 光伏系统直击雷防范 ........................................................................135
7.2.1 光伏系统直击雷防范措施 .................................................................135
7.2.2 接地系统 .............................................................................................139
7.3 光伏系统感应雷、雷电波防范 ..........................................................140
7.3.1 光伏系统感应雷防范措施 .................................................................140
7.3.2 光伏系统雷电波防范措施 .................................................................140
7.3.3 光伏系统浪涌过电压保护 .................................................................141
7.3.4 电涌保护器（防雷器）选择 .............................................................142
习题 ..........................................................................................................146
第8章 光伏电站监控系统设计 ............................................................. 147
8.1 光伏电站监控系统结构与布局 ..........................................................147
8.2 监控设备选型与配置 ........................................................................151
8.2.1　现场监控设备选型与配置 .................................................................151
8.2.2　下位机设备选型与配置 .....................................................................151
8.2.3　上位机设备选型与配置 .....................................................................153
8.3 自动监控系统辅助设备 ....................................................................157
习题 ..........................................................................................................158
第9章 光伏发电系统经济性分析 .......................................................... 159
9.1 光伏系统损耗与发电量 ....................................................................159
9.1.1 光伏发电系统能量损耗 .....................................................................159
9.1.2 光伏方阵总功率与占地面积 .............................................................161
9.1.3 系统发电量分析 .................................................................................161
9.2 光伏系统成本分析 ............................................................................163
9.2.1 光伏发电系统成本影响因素 .............................................................163
9.2.2 光伏发电成本及投资效益分析 .........................................................165
9.3 RETScreen可行性分析 ....................................................................169
9.3.1　RETScreen认识 ..................................................................................169
9.3.2　能源模型初始化 .................................................................................170
9.3.3　能源模型分析 .....................................................................................172
9.3.4 成本分析模型 .....................................................................................173
9.3.5 减排量分析 .........................................................................................175
9.3.6 财务分析 .............................................................................................176
9.4 能源互联网仿真规划平台 .................................................................177
9.4.1 能源互联网规划平台认识 .................................................................177
9.4.2 模型设计 .............................................................................................178
9.4.3 方案设计 .............................................................................................181
9.4.4 能源报表 .............................................................................................188
习题 ..........................................................................................................189
附录A 常用电缆选型与对照表 ............................................................. 190
参考文献 ................................................................................... 192

廖东进，衢州职业技术学院

双色印刷；校企合作教材；全面系统的对光伏发电系统的规划与设计进行了。